In a significant escalation of a protectionist trade policy, the Trump administration has imposed sweeping new tariffs that affect Nigeria and 66 other nations. The new duties, which took effect on August 7, 2025, are part of a “reciprocal tariff” program aimed at addressing what the U.S. government has labeled as an “unbalanced” global trade system.

The new policy sets a 10% baseline tariff on most goods imported into the United States, with specific countries, including Nigeria, facing even higher rates. According to official reports, Nigerian exports are now subject to a 15% tariff, an increase from an earlier 14% duty imposed in April that was temporarily put on hold for negotiations that ultimately failed to produce a resolution.

The new policy, which stems from Executive Order 14257, is based on the Trump administration’s belief that a large trade deficit with a country is a sign of unfair trade practices. The tariffs are a key part of President Trump’s campaign promise to prioritize American manufacturing and jobs. Other major nations impacted by the new tariffs include Brazil, with a 50% rate; India, with a 25% rate; and South Africa, with a 30% rate.

For Nigeria, the tariffs pose a significant challenge to the country’s economic diversification efforts. While crude oil and other mineral fuels—which make up the bulk of Nigeria’s exports to the U.S.—are largely exempt from the new policy, non-oil exports are now at a steep price disadvantage. Goods such as urea, cocoa beans, refined lead, and natural rubber, which previously benefited from favorable trade agreements, are now at risk of losing their competitiveness in the American market.

In response, the Nigerian government has issued a mixed reaction. The Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Wale Edun, has downplayed the immediate economic impact, noting that Nigeria’s main exports to the U.S. are unaffected. However, the Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment, Dr. Jumoke Oduwole, has acknowledged the potential disruptions and stated that the government will be consulting with the World Trade Organization (WTO) and U.S. counterparts to find a mutually beneficial solution. The government’s economic management team is also reportedly reviewing its strategy to mitigate any potential risks.